SQ0006 Crash by Dionne

Why the accident occurred?

1. Harsh weather conditions and poor visibility

" At the time, tropical storm Xangsan, which had caused devastation across the Philippines, was approaching Taiwan. Winds of up to 144kph and heavy rain were lashing the airport and causing poor visibility. "

2. Runway under repair was not cordoned off completely

" The disused strip at Taipei had not been completely blocked off because it was frequently used for taxi-ing aircraft... Instead, a barrier of concrete blocks had been erected one thousand metres down the runway at the beginning of the construction zone and marked with a light. "

3. Lack of communication

" Under such conditions, the control tower should have warned the pilots by radio about the closed runway. The 'black box' cockpit recorder indicated that wasn't done with the Singapore Airlines flight. "

4. Lack of ground monitoring

" The airport is not equipped with ground radar so the control tower could not visually check if the plane was on the correct runway... The use of ground monitoring would certainly have ensured the crash in Taiwan would not have occurred. "

5. Profit-driven decisions

" Air safety is being compromised by cost-cutting, economic restructuring... As the latest disaster in Taiwan indicates, when it comes to key issues – to block off a runway, to install ground radar, and bad weather takeoffs and landings – it is profit that very often decides. "

Opinion

I think that the pilots were partially at fault for making the decision to take off even under such harsh weather conditions. The pilots were under pressure from airlines to maintain tight schedules and avoid costly delays, and so decided to take off even with the strong winds and low visibility. However, it is also the fault of the airport authorities for "staying open so the pilot can make their own decision". The airport authority has the benefit of advance radar technology and other instrumentation on which to base a decision, which the pilots do not have. Thus, the airport authority should guide and advise pilots on their decisions, even shutting down the airport if necessary. Therefore, I feel that the pilots were at fault, but the airport authorities also had a major part to play in the cause of the accident, equal to, if not more than the decision that the pilots made.

Crash of SQ0006 by Vivek

Reasons for the crash of SIA’s SQ0006

1. Bad Weather Conditions

Weather conditions were very bad resulting in the driven not being able to see the cordoned off area for rebuilding as the visibility range is a lot lower due to the storm. The  crosswinds were higher than safety standards. Though such conditions present, the pilot still wanted to take off.

1.   Airport Control Tower having a lack of equipment

The Taiwanese airport control had no ground monitoring system so it could not track where the aircraft was at and what it was actually doing. Without this system safety is heavily compromised as without this system on such days with bad weather they are basing it on luck that nothing wrong happens.

1. Carelessness of the pilots

There were green lights switched on on the runway which indicate that the runway is not supposed to be in use however, the pilot might have forgotten about it and continued.

1.   Money driven

Due to the fact that the pilot wants to earn money, passenger safety was put at risk as all of us know that visibility in a storm is very low and will only cause potential danger.

5.   Improper maintenance and signals in airport

The Taiwanese airport control were also not completely well prepared as they did not cordon off the tracks which were in repair. Though there was concrete barriers around one kilometer ahead with lights, it is now adequate to inform the pilot of the construction. Especially as they did not make it evident enough for the pilot to not use that lane.

In my opinion,

In my opinion, the pilots are not totally at fault as we do not know what the directions given by the air control were. If the pilot did not follow them, I would say it is the pilots fault. However, if the instructions were not clear and such, I think the air control is more at fault than the pilots. This is as the pilot will think that the air control knows the airport better so he will not doubt them. Thus, it depends on the instructions given which will determine everything.

05 English Assignment (Grace Tan Soo Woon)

1. Horrible Weather Conditions

The "tropical storm Xangsan, which had caused devastation across the Philippines, was approaching Taiwan" at that time, causing "winds of up to 144kph" as well as heavy rain which lead to poor visibility. This cause have contributed to the pilots' misconception of which runway they were using and could have thus went onto the wrong runway, resulting in the accident.

2. Not cordoning the runway under construction

The "disused strip at Taipei had not been completely blocked off because it was frequently used for taxi-ing aircraft", which was against the International airport regulations that stated the requirement of a runway currently undergoing repair to be cordoned off. The airport only erected a concrete block barrier "1,000 metres down the runway at the beginning of the construction zone and marked with a light." There was heavy rain that day, and the light and barrier may not have been easily visible to the pilot, so he might have thought the runway was free for use due to the airport not cordoning off the runway, so it may not have been the pilots' fault but rather the lack of following regulations that lead to the accident.

3. Possible lack of lighting on the runways

CAA spokesman Kay Yong said that "the centre lights—green on the closed runway and white on the active one—were on." However, the passage also states that "investigators have yet to determine whether the 'edge lights' running along the sides of the closed runway were on or off." The passage also continues with stating another statement from Mr Yong, "If the lights on the runway were not on, then the runway would not have looked like a runway". If the side lights were really off, the pilots are not at fault for accidentally crashing the plane into the construction and concrete barrier, as they not only could not see clearly int he horrible weather conditions, they also could not make out which runway was which.

4. Not notifying aircrew about ongoing construction

"According to San Francisco-based attorney Gerald Sterns, who specializes in representing air crash victims' families, under such conditions the control tower should have warned the pilots by radio about the closed runway. 'The 'black box cockpit recorder indicated that wasn't done with the Singapore Airlines flight,'" This shows that there is no notification what so ever on the construction site on the runway close to the one the pilots were supposed to use, so the pilots cannot be blamed for not knowing the existence of the road block and be wary of it before crashing the plane into the barrier.

5. Under-equipped control tower

The passage also states "The airport is not equipped with ground radar so the control tower could not visually check if the plane was on the correct runway." In addition, "visibility was too low to physically see the jet from the tower", so in this case, the tower had no visuals on the plane and its movements, and are unable to warn the pilots on where they are heading to or whether they were going to crash into the construction barriers, so the pilots, not knowing about the construction and where they were heading to cannot be blamed from driving the plane straight into the barrier erected 1,000m along the runway.

EL Task - Scapegoats (Ren Chang)

Why did the accident occur?

1. Bad Weather conditions - tropical storm Xangsan was approaching Taiwan. Winds of up to 144 kph and heavy rain was lashing the airport causing poor visibility. The runway the plane was supposed to be on was near to one under repair and two had almost identical identification numbers, adding to the confusion.

2. Lack of proper facilities for the pilot - The airport is not equipped with ground radar so the control tower could not visually check if the plane was on the correct runway. Also, CAA spokesman Kay Yong also says that at the night "visibility was too low to physically see the jet from the tower".

3. Work stress of the pilot - Pilots need to keep strictly to their tight schedules and hence delays are costly. "Obviously pilots are under pressure from airlines to maintain tight schedules and avoid costly delays" Hong Kong-based aviation expert Jim Eckes this week called for the procedure to be changed, insisting that it should be the responsibility of airports to shut down in extremely bad weather.

4. Misunderstanding/Confusion - Another reason this occurred is due to misunderstandings or confusion that happened between Taipei and Singapore. There can be some discrepancies between reported weather and real weather conditions. The information given could be that it wasn't "real time", that is, it is dated.

5. Lack of guidance for the pilot - Lastly, this could happen because the pilots do not have enough help or guidance from the airport authority. The airport authority has more advanced radar technology and other instruments that is useful and critical in flying the plane. However, the airport authority might not bring this vital information to the pilots themselves. Eckes says "Pilots need help, especially in difficult conditions. There are turbulence or wind shear problems which the plane's system doesn't indicate."

My own opinion

I don't think the pilots were totally at fault. The pilot is pressured to follow his schedule closely and at the same time maintain the safety of all his passengers. Therefore, there is a a lot of stress on the pilots. Due to this stress, the pilots could be forced to carry out a few decisions that they might feel is not right. In the passage, it states that "Runways are only closed if pilots insist on flying in conditions that the airport authorities feel present an 'immediate danger to the aircraft'." Hong Kong-based aviation expert also agrees that "it should be the responsibility of airports to shut down in extremely bad weather". Therefore, the pilots do not have much say whether they want to fly the plane or not.

--
Wee Ren Chang S3-09, (21)

English Task - Joshua Ma (17)

Reasons for the crash

1. Bad weather conditions : Tropical storm Xangsan was approaching Taiwan, with winds up to 144kph and heavy rain. This caused poor visibility

1. Low visibility : It was caused by the bad weather conditions and could have led to the pilots being unable to see the lights on the barrier of concrete blocks on the closed runway.

1. Unused runway under repair was not completely cordoned off : It was frequently used for taxi-ing aircraft and also to prevent serious delays for planes lining up for departure.

1. Airport not sufficiently equipped : Lacked a ground radar so the control tower could not visually check if the plane was on the right runway, the one not under repair, due to low visibility.

1. Lack of communication with the pilots : The 'black box' cockpit recorder indicated that the control tower did not warn the pilots about the closed runway.

Were the pilots at fault?

I think the pilots were partially at fault. This is because I feel that although they are put under pressure to meet deadlines, they should have been more conscious of the safety aspect of the flight. Furthermore, since they had the decision whether to take off or not, they probably should have delayed the flight rather than attempt it.

Joshua Ma

20_SIA Accident

1. The aircraft attempted to take off under typhoon conditions

    Wind speed of 144 kph(~78knots), visibility of below 500-600 metres, at night. This                            would make keeping on the center line of the runway difficult, and the visibility meant that it       would be difficult to see the lights of the runway.

1. It was taking off from a runway that had been closed for repair. The runway was thus occupied by construction machines, being obstacles for the accelerating plane.
2. The intended runway was near the runway under repair and the two had almost the same identification numbers. The disused strip was not blocked off because it was used for taxiing aircraft. This would create much confusion as the pilots would not be sure if it was the correct runway, which may also be deadly under normal circumstances if the runway was also used by another aircraft.
3. The control tower was not equipped with ground radar and, due to the poor visibility, could not see if the aircraft was on the correct runway. Thus did not allow the control tower to warn them if they were on the wrong runway.
4. The pilots were also under pressure from their airline to avoid costly delays. This may gave influenced the pilot's decision to continue the flight.

Opinion:

I think that the pilots shoulder some responsibility for the accident, but part of the blame also goes to the airport staff. If the flight crew had been provided with the correct information about the weather, the flight would have been cancelled. The control tower staff should really have warned the pilots about the disused runway because of its close proximity to the intended one, and if the correct runway was used the plane would have taken off safely, as this particular crash was caused by it hitting the concrete blocks and construction equipment. Since other carriers cancelled their flights, it can be taken that it was the pilot's decision to continue, since the airport authorities did not intervene. 

Note: Yes, it is possible to take a 747-400 off the ground under these conditions(Tried in X-plane 9 Demo.) You might want to get an airsick bag ready though, and be thankful you weren't flying an landing into the airport.

24/7 SIA ACCIDENT BY: JING JIE (-;

Why the accident occurred?

- Poor Weather Conditions

> Tropical Storm Xangsan, was approaching Taiwan. Winds of up to 144kph and heavy rain were lashing the airport and causing poor visibility.

- Runway Confusion

> Intended runway was near the one under repair and both had almost identical identification numbers

- Lighting of Runways

> CAA spokesman Kay Yong : the centre lights—green on the closed runway and white on the active one—were on. However, the "edge lights" running along the sides of the closed runway may have not been on.

- Lack of Equipments of Airport

> No ground radar so the control tower could not visually check if the plane was on the correct runway

- Unwarned Pilots

> The control tower should have warned the pilots by radio about the closed runway.

- Crosswinds -- Singapore Airlines vs Taiwan Aviation Safety Council

> SA claims that crosswinds were blowing at no more than 27.2 kph when flight SQ006 tried to take off whereas, Taiwan Aviation Safety Council report stated that the winds were between 43.2 kph and 49.6 kph, close to danger zones.

Were the pilots at fault?

The pilots are not solely responsible for the accident as there were the factors of external environments and airport conditions that contributed towards the mishap. The main cause of this accident is probably the negligence of the airport staff members who failed to warn the pilots about the changes in runway and they also should have precaution measures in preventing the tragedy.

Scapegoats - Yan Jin

Main points on why accident occurred
- Attempting to take off in typhoon conditions. "Los Angeles-bound flight had attempted to take off in typhoon conditions". This caused poor visibility, which lead to the next point.

- The intended runway was near one under repair which also had almost identical identifications numbers. "The intended runway was near the one under repair and the two had almost identical identification numbers, adding to the chance of confusion." Thus with poor visibility, it was easy to go to the wrong runway.

- Pilot error: They were under pressure to comply to the schedule and avoid expensive delays thus decided to take off. "Obviously pilots are under pressure from airlines to maintain tight schedules and avoid costly delays."

- Taipei not following regulations: By disobeying the International airport regulations, they did not cordon off the runway under repair, as it would create delays for planes lining up for departure. "International airport regulations require a runway under repair to be cordoned off." By disobeying the Boeing's guideline, they took off when the crosswinds was high, and made a false claim of figures. "Singapore Airlines follows Boeing's guideline of allowing takeoffs if crosswinds are lower than 55.2 kph. The airline claims that crosswinds were blowing at no more than 27.2 kph... crosswinds had reached more than 88 kph"

- Ground radar was not equipped in the airport (As it was expensive), thus the control tower could not visually confirm if the plane was on the right runway. "The airport is not equipped with ground radar so the control tower could not visually check if the plane was on the correct runway."

Thus the plane struck a metre-high concrete barrier and some construction equipment, splitting the plane into three pieces and causing many deaths.

I feel that the pilots are partially, but not fully, at fault. They should not be held fully responsible and used as scapegoats to cover for the mistakes of others. They definitely should not be trialled for "involuntary manslaughter". Taipei airport authorities are at fault for not following International airport regulations, not cordoning off the runway, not reporting through radio of the closed runway, reporting typhoon crosswinds that are not real time (And refuse to reveal how long ago the data was recorded), and allowing the plane to take off under such conditions. This is all for the sake of saving money. Singapore Airlines' pilots should be held partially responsible for deciding to take off even though they saw the horrible weather. All these airport authorities just want to keep their high-paying jobs and not be held liable for their own problems.

- Yan Jin

EL Task-SG Airplane Crashes @ TW Airport

  http://www.wsws.org/articles/2000/nov2000/air-07n.shtml

I think the accident occurred for the following 5 reasons:

-The fact that the airport was not closed down under the bad weather

-The inaccurate report of how strong the wind was

-Bad weather which decreased the visibility of the number of the runway

-Lack of ground monitor device

-Air safety is being compromised by cost-cutting, economic restructuring and privatisation throughout the industry of airlines which are driven by intense rivalry between airlines

Is the pilot at fault?

I think the pilot is not at fault for the following reasons:

-It was not up to him to make the decision of delaying the flight as the airport was the one in authority to make the decision. Hence, the pilots had to fly on time in order to avoid costly delays.

-The bad weather was unpreventable during this season and the poor visibility which was caused by the terrible weather was out of the pilots' control.

-The disused lane is not cordoned off as the airport used it to park the planes which are lining up for departure so to avoid delays of flights. 

-The use of ground monitoring devices could have prevented the pilots from running the airplane on the wrong lane. Hence, since the airport did not install such expensive devices, this tragedy happened. Therefore, to a large extent, it is the airport's responsibility in not implementing sufficient measures to ensure the safety of the aircrew and  commuters. 

-Hence, I think the root cause of this accident is the fact that the airport is trying to cut down the cost by cutting down the cost used for the safety measures like the ground monitoring devices and by making the flight fly punctually to avoid costly delays. Last but not least, the airport wants to avoid costly delay of flights by continuing to use the disused lane to park the planes which all contribute to the accident. Therefore, the airport should bear all the responsibilities for this accidents and to pay for the compensation costs for the victims and their families. 

Lai Ziying

English Task- Khit Sue Lun (07)

2. Write out 5 main points from the article on why you think the accident occurred and in your opinion, whether the pilots were at fault. Remember to provide EVIDENCE to support your opinion.

Why did the accident occur?

- The weather conditions, such as the strong winds and heavy rains which reduced visibility.

- Lack of a ground monitoring system/ground radar led to pilots taking the wrong track- the track under repair.

- Confusion in numbering of tracks- The intended runway was near the one under repair and the two had almost identical identification numbers, adding to the chance of confusion.

- Repaired runway was not completely cordoned off. 

- Runways might not be correctly lit- While the centre lights were operating, investigators have yet to determine whether the "edge lights" running along the sides of the closed runway were on or off. "If the lights on the runway were not on, then the runway would not have looked like a runway.

Are the pilots at fault?

I agree that the pilots were partially at fault. Being trained pilots, they should be able to make the correct judgement, and decide if the plane was to take off considering the weather/wind factors. The Taiwanese carrier EVA Air had scrapped three flights shortly before the Singapore Airline crash, because crosswinds had reached more than 88 kph. This showed that there was indeed a risk of weather conditions interrupting the success of the takeoff, and the pilots did not make the correct choice in such situations. Yet, there were many external factors, and they could not be completely blamed for the accident too. According to San Francisco-based attorney Gerald Sterns, who specialises in representing air crash victims' families, under such conditions the control tower should have warned the pilots by radio about the closed runway. "The 'black box' cockpit recorder indicated that wasn't done with the Singapore Airlines flight," he said. This shows that the airport had many faults too, including failure to inform the pilots of the closed runway, not completely cordoning off the repaired runway and the possibility that the runway was not correctly lit, which would lead to the pilots thinking that the runway they should have taken was not a runway as the lights were not on. The airport also lacked a ground monitoring system, and was unable to notify the pilots that they were on the wrong track as they were unable to see the plane from the control tower due to poor visibility brought on by the rains. Hence, the pilots were not completely at fault, and the burden of this accident has to be shared between the pilots themselves, the airport and of course, the raging stormy weather.

Cheers,
Khit Sue Lun
khitsuelun@gmail.com

SIA Accident (Akhil)

1. Weather conditions

At the time, tropical storm Xangsan, which had caused devastation across the Philippines, was approaching Taiwan. Winds of up to 144kph and heavy rain were lashing the airport and causing poor visibility.

2. Confusion

The intended runway was near the one under repair and the two had almost identical identification numbers, thus, there might have been a chance of confusion.

3. Runway under repair not cordoned off

A barrier of concrete blocks had been erected instead, 1,000 metres down the runway at the beginning of the construction zone and marked with a light. Closing down the runway entirely would have created serious delays for planes lining up for departure.

4. Lack of ground radar

The control tower could not visually check if the plane was on the correct runway so they would not have known even if the plane was on the wrong runway.

5. Air safety compromised

In many cases, aircraft maintenance programs are being wound back, aircrew are being put under pressure to work longer hours and the latest safety technology is not used as a matter of course because of cost-cutting and intense rivalry between airlines.

~Akhil Vuputuri

24/7 SIA Accident - Cheng Ngee

1. Bad weather

'Winds of up to 144kph and heavy rain were lashing the airport and causing poor visibility'

2. Unlit runway

'Questions have also been raised as to whether the runways were correctly lit.'

3. Pilots unwarned about closed runway

'According to San Francisco-based attorney Gerald Sterns, who specialises in representing air crash victims' families, under such conditions the control tower should have warned the pilots by radio about the closed runway. “The ‘black box' cockpit recorder indicated that wasn't done with the Singapore Airlines flight,” he said.'

4. Confusion about runways imminent

'The intended runway was near the one under repair and the two had almost identical identification numbers, adding to the chance of confusion.'

5. Runway not fully cordoned off

'But the disused strip at Taipei had not been completely blocked off because it was frequently used for taxi-ing aircraft.'

The pilots had some measure of fault, as from the article It can be inferred that they did not confirm about the runway before takeoff. However, the fault mainly lies with the airport in Taiwan and the staff on duty, as they had not followed protocol when it came to the runway being repaired, and allowed takeoffs in bad weather. 

Hello!

Hello Everyone, this is your English rep here!

Please email the assigned work to the email given in class. :D

Have fun,
Vivek